PTE写作考试中的定语从句如何运用

PTE写作考试中，定语从句的运用是一个关键点，它能够让你的文章更加准确、丰富。那么，如何在PTE写作考试中巧妙运用定语从句呢？接下来，让小编为你揭秘！

1对比分析

两个专业术语：

限制性定语从句：这类从句构成了先行词不可缺少的部分，与主句的关系非常紧密，去掉它主句意思往往变得不明确。

非限定性定语从句：这类从句是先行词的附加说明，它与主句往往用逗号隔开，而且与主句的关系也比较松散，就算缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

下面举一例给大家对比分析一下：

e.g.The travelers who knew about the floods took another road.

e.g.The travelers,who knew about the floods,took another road.

d1句的限制性定语从句直接修饰先行词“travelers”，所以翻译成“知道有大水的游客走了另外一条路”，有可能还有游客不知道这一情况，因为这里被修饰的游客只是部分游客;而第二句非限定性定语从句作为插入语放在“The travelers took another road”中间，“游客们走了另外一条路”这句话本来就是完整的，非限定性定语从句的存在更强调了事件的原因，所以翻译成“知道有大水，游客走了另外一条路”，这里的游客则更倾向于指代全体。

2非限制性定语从句的引导词

非限制性定语从句只能用关系代词which或who、whom、whose等引导，不能用that引导，如

e.g.Nobody knows his phone number,which makes it difficult to get in touch with him.(which不能改成that)

e.g.Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.(who不能改成that)

注意：

(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

(2)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

3 as引导非限制性定语从句

与which一样，as也可以作关系代词，但是它的位置比which灵活的多，可以放在句首或者句末(which不能放在句首);意思也更加丰富，可以指代前面提及的状况或是后面将要提到的情况(which只能指代前面提到的情况)。例如：

e.g.As could be expected,he opposed the idea.正如大家料想到的，他反对这个主意。(这里的as不可以被which替代，原因如上~)

e.g.He is a bit out of his mind,as all those who know him can see.那些了解他的人都能看得出来，他现在有点不在状态。(这里的as可以被which代替)

4 that引导的定语从句

由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。

(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。

e.g.All that we have to do is to practise English.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词比较g级所修饰。

e.g.The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。

e.g.I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。

e.g.He is the only person that I want to talk with.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g.They talked about persons and things that they met.

(6)当句中已有who时，为避免重复。

e.g.Who is the man that is giving us the class?

5 when,where,why引导的定语从句

e.g.I don't know the reason why he was late.

e.g.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

e.g.I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。

e.g.This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

如果你还有其他关于PTE申请，PTE学习等问题，可以联系我们。