雅思写作如何审题有哪些技巧和方法

雅思写作一直是考生们的一大难点，在写作中造成低分的原因有比较多的是因为审题出错，比如偏题、漏题、主次不分等原因。一开始审题就出错了，后面不管写的再好，分数也不会好到哪里。那今天我们就来讲讲雅思写作如何审题有哪些技巧和方法。

一．看清楚题目要求和题型

(1)写作的bottom line看清楚题目是要求对某种观点发表看法（agree or disagree）还是要求讨论两方观点（discuss both views and give your own opinion）；问的是原因还是影响（例如what are the causes/what effects this may cause写起来相差十万八千里）;

(2)分清楚题目中的背景句和观点句.有些题目是开门见山，直接给出观点。例如

Detailed descriptions of crimes on newspaper and TV can have bad consequences on society, so this kind of information should be restricted on media. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

我们需要回应的观点就是开头的d1句话“Detailed descriptions of crimes on newspaper and TV can have bad consequences on society, so this kind of information should be restricted on media”问我们是否同意。

而在另一些题目中，会先给出话题发生的背景再给出观点。例如 News media has become more influential in people’s lives. Some people believe that it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

我们需要回应的观点是从“some people believe that it is a negative development”开始的，前面“news media has become more influential in people’lives”是话题的背景介绍，是默认的前提，不需要做出回应（即不需要表达同意还是不同意。）

二． 圈出题目中的“关键词”

（1）题目中的关键词包括：话题讨论的对象（动作的发出者和接受者），简单地说就是“谁为了什么做了什么事情”例如

It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviors to children?

这道题中有两个问题，d1个问题需要回应的是“punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction”them指前文的children, this distinction 指前文中的分辨对错。这句话中punishment, children, distinction就是关键词。惩罚的目的是分辨对错，如果观点是惩罚是有必要的，可以让父母发泄自己的不满情绪就偏题了。

再例如 It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviors to children?

题目问的是父母和老师可以使用什么样的惩罚手段，如果写政府立法等，就属于偏题。再例如第二问中“what sort of punishment should teachers and parents be allowed to use”讨论的对象是父母和老师。如果说一些社会机构如工读学校可以惩罚孩子，就偏离了话题讨论的对象。

（2）题目中的一些较为抽象的关键词的定义是什么？能否具体化？问这样的问题不但能够帮我们扣题，甚至能帮我们理清中间段的观点和篇章逻辑。

我们看一下今年11月30号考试的题目：

In modern life, it is no longer necessary to use animals as food and in other products like clothing and medicines. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题目讨论的对象是animal. 并没有说是wild animal,一些同学急急忙忙得开始写我们应该保护野生动物，这样的观点只能说片面得回应了话题。如果审题的时候可以想一想“animal”的定义可能既包含wild animal,又包含domestic animal，这个话题会好些很多。

再看下面这道题，In modern society, ambition is more and more important. How important is ambition for being successful in life? Is ambition a positive or negative characteristic? “ambition”是这道题目中比较重要的关键词，也是一个很抽象的概念，很多同学会把它翻译成“野心”，但ambition并没有“野心”那么强的负面色彩。柯林斯词典对ambition的定义是“the desire to be successful, rich and powerful”。如果我们过于强调“野心，贪婪的欲望”的话，也容易写偏题。

三． 注意题目中的逻辑关系（并列，因果等）

（1）一些话题中涉及到两个并列的方面，在写作的时候两方面都要回应到。

例如：As well as making money, companies should also take social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 题目中的观点包含两个方面：公司应该赚钱；公司应该承担社会责任，两者由连接词as well as 并列。在写作时两方面都应该回应到，不要只强调公司应该承担社会责任，尽管这是我们写作中的重点。

（2）一些题目中有因果关系。因果关系有时限定了写作的方向和重点。

例如Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.

Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

文章说国之间变得比较类似的原因是人们可以买同样的产品。如果从文化传播的角度写（如好莱坞电影对其他国家价值观的影响）就属于偏题。

Too much emphasis has been put on going to university for academic study. We should encourage more people to receive vocational training because of the needs for trades people like plumbers and electricians. To what extent do you agree?

这道题中的because 限定了们写作的方向，鼓励人们接受职业教育是因为社会需要从事一些职业的人如电工和水管工。

四．留意有没有 化表达

一些雅思题目经常出现the best, the only等 化表达，写的时候要注意审题，思考是不是“比较好的”和“ 的”

例如 Some people claim that no??t enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.?

To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?

我们可能会认为立法是解决家庭废物循环的好方法，但是我们可能并不认同它是 （the only way）的方法。很多话题都可以从这个角度切入。下面这道题的 化表达是什么？你的观点是什么？

It is shown that many criminals have a low level of education. Some people argue that the best way to reduce crime is to educate criminals in prison to help them find jobs when they leave prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?