托福阅读长难句难度分析与实例解析，看不懂句子的赶紧来学！

在托福阅读中，长难句往往是考生们的一大难题，也是阅读理解的重要考点之一。本文将通过深入分析难句的结构和用法，并结合实例进行解析，帮助你攻克阅读中的长难句难度，提升阅读理解能力。如果你常常遇到看不懂句子的困境，赶紧来学习吧！

托福阅读部分是考生比较有希望拿高分甚至是满分的科目，而长难句作为阅读部分的一大障碍，也让诸多考生在此处失分。那么长难句的“难”体现在哪里呢?

主要有三点：1.句子长，长度超过30单词的长句在每篇文章中保持在10句左右;2.概念难，句中往往含有很多“诡异”的陌生学术概念;3.结构异，英文中的特定语法结构如倒装，强调，修饰语后置等等。

快速理解复杂长难句是托福阅读考试得分比较重要的能力。比较近10年来的考试难度，比较明显的趋势就是句子结构的复杂冗长程度明显递增。纵观文章阅读考察的几个层次可发现：比句子微观的单词含义理解，只要认真准备就不是难点;比句子宏观的段落含义理解，弄懂主旨往往不难。而相对地，长难句的阅读相对需要更多技巧，考场上经常出现反复多遍阅读仍不能理解句子大意的情况，从而成为了阅读理解和得分的瓶颈。

接下来我们从句子结构、翻译、分句等方面来进行一些长难句实例解析。

1.The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style,characterized by sinuous lines,floral and vegetable motifs,and soft evanescent coloration.

(特殊结构marked by...——以...为标志、characterized by...——特征是)

19世纪末与20世纪早期以一种国际新艺术风格的发展为标志，这一艺术风格的特征是：线条弯曲，以花卉和果蔬为主题，颜色柔和飘逸。

分句1:The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were

分句2:marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style

分句3:characterized by sinuous lines,floral and vegetable motifs,and soft evanescent coloration.

2和3并列，1和2、3嵌套

2.Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920’s,it was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.

(特殊结构known as...——被称为)

尽管其影响在整个20世纪20年代中期继续存在，但最终还是被世纪之交以来就存在的新的思想流派——功能主义所替代。

分句1:Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920’s

分句2:it was eventually to be overtaken by anew school of thought known as Functionalism

分句3:that had been present since the turnoff the century.

1和2并列，2和3嵌套

3.This new design concept,coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades,created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor.

(特殊结构coupled with...——加上)

这一新的设计概念，加上战后对过去数十年风格与传统的强烈反应，产生了一种全新的公众品味,使得新艺术类型的玻璃不再受人欢迎。

分句1:This new design concept

分句2:coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades,created an entirely new public taste

分句3:which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor.

1和2并列，2和3嵌套

4.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability.decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of“natural leaders.”

(同位语从句evidence that...)

尽管 常被人认为是个人能力非比寻常的人，但是数十年的研究迄今未能提供一致的证据表明存在任何“天然 ”类型。

分句1:Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability

分句2:decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence

分句3:that there is any category of“natural leaders.”

1和2并列，2和3嵌套

5.Furthermore,although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader,research suggests that there are typically two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals.

(复合句)

而且，尽管一般人认为社会团体只有一位 ，但是研究表明通常存在由不同个体担任的两个不同的 角色。

分句1:Furthermore,although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader

分句2:research suggests

分句3:that there are typically two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals.

1和2并列，2和3嵌套

6.Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.

(特殊结构less...than...——较少...较多...)

善于表达的 较少注重团体的整体目标，较多注重为团体成员提供情感支持，并尽力减少内部纷争和冲突。

分句1:Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group

分句2:than with providing emotional support to group members

分句3:and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them

1和2、3并列，2和3并列

7.Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple—step tasks is accomplished in a series—parallel sequence.

(倒装句)

同样重要的是一个事实：多步任务是按照系列—平行序列完成的。

分句1:Equally important is the fact

分句2:that the execution of multiple—step tasks is accomplished in a series—parallel sequence

1和2嵌套

8.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

(Of结构作定语:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs...)

但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。

分句1:But these factors do not account for the interesting question

分句2:of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth

分句1是嵌套分句，分句2是of结构作后置定语修饰说明question的内容。

9.In the seventeenth century the organ,the clavichord,and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the key board group,a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.

(同位语a supremacy)

17世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到18世纪末被钢琴所取代。

分句1:In the seventeenth century the organ,the clavichord,and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the key board group,

分句2:a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century

分句2是分句1的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句1中的the chief instruments of the keyboard group

10.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century,including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it,the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality,finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound,from a liquid,singing tone to a sharp,percussive brilliance.

(介词结构from...to...作定语)

持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用比较佳性能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从比较精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。

分句1:A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century

分句2:including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it

分句3:the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality

分句4:finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects

分句5:from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound

分句6:from a liquid,singing tone to a sharp,percussive brilliance

本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句1和分句4构成，即A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects;

分句2和分句3并列修饰，说明分句1中的A series of mechanical improvements;

而分句5和分句6并列，修饰说明了分句4中的an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects